A akamashini gakoresha urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazini switch ishobora guhuza no gukuraho circuit. Dukurikije imikorere yayo itandukanye, ishobora kugabanywamo ibicamo umwuka n'ibicamo by'icyuma bifunganye (GIS).
Ibyiza by'icyuma gihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi: imiterere yoroshye, igiciro gito, bishobora kongera cyane ireme ry'inyubako y'umushinga; ubushobozi bwo gucikamo ibice byinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurenza urugero, guhuza no gucikamo ibice gake; imikorere yuzuye yo kurinda, bishobora guca urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi vuba mu gihe gito cyane.
Ingaruka mbi z'ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: ubushyuhe bwinshi n'urumuri rwinshi rw'amashanyarazi bitangwa mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mugufi; ibikorwa byinshi ntibishobora gukorwa; hakenewe igihe gihagije kugira ngo icyuma kiri muri fuse gisubire aho cyashongeye.
Ubwoakamashini gakoresha urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyaraziihinduka kuva ku gikoresho cy’umwuka kijya kuri GIS, amabwiriza akurikira agomba kubahirizwa:
1) Imashini igabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi igomba kuba ifite ishingiro ryiza mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyikoresha;
2) Hagomba kuba hari uburinzi bwiza hagati y’igikoresho cya GIS n’ubutaka;
3) Ahantu ho gushyiramo amazi hagomba kuba hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvoma amazi.
Imikorere
A akamashini gakoresha urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazini switch ikoreshwa mu gucana no kuzimya uruziga, kandi ubusanzwe ifite akazi ko gucana no kuzimya uruziga, kandi ifite n'imirimo nko kurinda uruziga rugufi no kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kumena uruziga burakomeye cyane, kandi ishobora guca uruziga vuba mu gihe gito cyane.
1. Nk'igikoresho gikwirakwiza ingufu nke, icyuma gihagarika urujya n'uruza gifite inshingano zo kurinda urujya n'uruza rwarwo kurenza urugero, urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi rugufi n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi rudahagije.
2. Akamashini gahagarika uruziga gafite akamaro ko gukata umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'imikorere yihuse; gafite kandi imikorere yo kurinda umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'amashanyarazi w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenda uhinduka igice kimwe.
3. Nk'igikoresho gikwirakwiza ingufu nkeya, icyuma gihagarika uruziga gishobora gufunga cyangwa gukuraho uruziga rw'amashanyarazi asanzwe akora mu gihe cyagenwe; gishobora gutanga ingufu ku murongo nta gucika intege, kandi gishobora no gukoreshwa nk'icyuma gikingira moteri na circuit iyo bibaye ngombwa. Inzu zifasha ibikoresho bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi.
Shyiramo
1. Mbere yo gushyiraho, reba niba icyuma gihagarika uruziga kigaragara, hanyuma ukingure igifuniko cy'igice gihagarika uruziga, hanyuma urebe aho kigaragara n'aho izina ry'ikirango cy'igice gifungura uruziga riherereye. Reba neza niba igishushanyo cyavuzwe mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibicuruzwa kimeze.
2. Gushyiramo icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, kandi bigahura n'aho ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishyirwa ku gice gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa igikoresho gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ntibyemewe gushyiramo cyangwa kunyura hafi y'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi (switches).
3. Akamashini gahagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho byako bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro ryizewe. Ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi zifite ibyiciro byinshi, igice cyo hejuru cy'isoketi n'urwego rwo kurinda insinga nabyo bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro ryizewe.
4. Uburyo bw'imikorere bugomba gupimwa uburemere mbere yo gusenya kugira ngo harebwe ko imikorere yabwo iri mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwizewe mbere yo gusenya. Reba niba insinga ari nziza mbere yo gusenya, bitabaye ibyo ntishobora gusenyagurwa buhumyi.
5. Iyo icyuma gifunga uruziga gishyizwe mu gasanduku k'icyuma, imigozi yo gufatana mu gasanduku ntiyemerewe kurekura; isano iri hagati y'imigozi yo gufatana n'umugozi igomba kuba yizewe; imigozi yo gufatana igomba kuba ari imigozi irinda kurekura; imyobo y'imigozi igomba gucukurwa mu buryo bwa mashini;
Rinda
Iyo sisitemu inaniwe, nko gucukura moteri cyane, gufunga umurongo mugufi, nibindi, impanuka zikomeye n'ingaruka zikomeye bishobora kwirindwa, bigasaba gukoresha utumashini dufunga umurongo kugira ngo birinde ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi cyangwa utumashini kwangirika. Ariko, utumashini dufunga umurongo ntabwo dushobora "gukora neza". Hari ubwo hakenewe uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kubungabunga.
1. Iyo habayeho urugendo rw'umuvuduko mwinshi mu gihe cy'imikorere y'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi, reba niba ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikora neza;
2. Reba imikorere y'igikoresho kirinda amazi, kandi kigomba gukora mu bihe bisanzwe by'akazi;
3. Iyo uburyo bw'amashanyarazi bunaniwe, genzura imikoranire iri hagati y'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi n'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi;
4. Iyo habayeho ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi mu buryo bugufi (short-circuit), umuriro ugomba gukurwaho;
5. Bitewe no gusaza kw'ubushyuhe bw'imbere bw'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi nyuma y'igihe kirekire gikoreshwa. Bityo, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi kigomba kubungabungwa buri gihe.
Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
1. Uburyo bwo gukora bugomba kuba bwizewe kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka. Hagomba kubaho ibimenyetso n'ibikorwa bigaragara ku gikorwa cya buri gice muri ubwo buryo, kandi imikorere mibi igomba kwirindwa.
2. Ku cyuma gihagarika uruziga kiri gukora, nubwo umugozi wacyo waba uri mu gihe cyo gucika, guhagarara kw'uruziga bishobora kubaho mu bice cyangwa mu byuma bifungura n'ibifunga. Hagomba kwitonderwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko uruziga rudakora neza mu gihe cyo gukora.
3. Iyo icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi gikoze (cyane cyane iyo gica umuyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi), ntigishobora gukururwa ku ngufu, kugira ngo kitangiza ibice by'amashanyarazi.
4. Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gakwiye kugenzura imiterere y’aho gafungurira n’aho gafunga kugira ngo hirindwe ko gashobora gukurura amashanyarazi menshi cyangwa kudakoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
5. Iyo habayeho ikibazo, gerageza kubanza gusubizaho umuriro w'amashanyarazi wahagaritswe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-16-2023