Tanga:
Utwuma duto dukoresha amashanyarazi tugira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi. Turinda umutwaro mwinshi, uduce duto duto n'ikosa ry'amashanyarazi, turinda ubuzima bw'abantu n'ibikoresho by'agaciro by'amashanyarazi. Muri iyi blog, turareba mu buryo bwimbitse isi y'utwuma duto dukoresha amashanyarazi, twibanda cyane cyane ku itandukaniro n'imikorere ya RCCB, MCB na RCBO.
1. Ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku byuma bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi:
Mbere yuko twinjira mu bisobanuro birambuye, reka tubanze dusobanukirwe icyo icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi ari cyo. Mu by’ukuri, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi ni icyuma gifasha mu kurinda amashanyarazi kwangirika bitewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi. Iyo icyuma gishyushye cyane cyangwa kidakora neza, icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi, kikarinda ibyago bishobora kubaho nk’inkongi z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi.
2. Akamashini gato ko kugabanya urujya n'uruza (MCB):
MCB ni zo zikoresha cyane mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu ngo no mu bucuruzi. Izi mashini nto ariko zikomeye zagenewe cyane kurinda umuriro ukabije uterwa no kurenza urugero cyangwa umuvuduko muke. MCB ziboneka mu byiciro bitandukanye by’amashanyarazi, bigatuma zihuzwa n’ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye by’amashanyarazi. Zishobora gusubizwaho n’intoki nyuma yo gusimbuka, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gukoreshwa buri munsi.
3. Imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (Residual current breaker)RCCB):
RCCB, zizwi kandi nka Residual Current Devices (RCDs), zitanga urwego rw'inyongera rw'umutekano mu kumenya no gukumira amazi aturuka ku butaka. Izi ngufu zikunze kubaho iyo icyuma gitwara amazi kiguye ku gikoresho cy'amashanyarazi, nk'icyuma gikingira. RCCB igenzura amazi anyura mu nsinga zikora n'izidafite aho zibogamiye, igahita igwa iyo hagaragaye ikibazo. Uku kutumvikana gushobora guterwa no gukorana n'umuntu ku gikoresho gifite ikibazo, bigagabanya ibyago byo gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi.
4. Imashini igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (Residual current breaker)RCBO) hamwe n'uburinzi bw'umugezi ukabije:
RCBO ihuza imiterere ya MCB na RCCB kugira ngo itange uburinzi bubiri ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi ukabije n’umuyoboro usigaye. Ibi bikoresho ni amahitamo meza iyo bibaye ngombwa kurinda umuyoboro runaka cyangwa igikoresho ku giti cyacyo ku makosa y’amashanyarazi. RCBO ikunze kuboneka ahantu hakomeye nko mu gikoni no mu bwiherero aho guhura n’amazi byongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw’amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, RCBO zemerera imiyoboro ku giti cyacyo kwitandukanya mu gihe cyo gukemura ibibazo cyangwa kubungabunga mu gihe ibindi bice bisigaye byo gushyiraho bikomeza gukora.
5. Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi n'ibyiza:
a) MCB yibanda ku gukumira umuriro ukabije uterwa no kurenza urugero cyangwa umuvuduko muke. Biroroshye gukoresha, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa n'intoki, kandi bikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'uko bihendutse kandi biboneka.
b) RCCB itanga uburinzi ku mirasire y'isi ishobora guterwa n'uko abantu bakorana n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byangiritse cyangwa insinga zangiritse. Ibi bikoresho byongera umutekano kandi bikarinda ibyago byo guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi.
c) RCBO ifite ibyiza bya MCB na RCCB. Itanga uburinzi bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urenze urugero n'umuyoboro usigaye kandi ni nziza ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi cyangwa ahantu hakenera ingamba zikomeye z'umutekano.
6. Hitamo icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi gikwiye:
Guhitamo icyuma gitandukanya amashanyarazi gikwiye biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, nko gushyiramo amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo kumenya amashanyarazi, n'ibisabwa mu mutekano. Buri gihe gisha inama umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi ushobora gusuzuma ibyo ukeneye no gutanga inama ku bwoko bw'icyuma gitandukanya amashanyarazi gikwiye n'amanota yo gushyiraho.
Muri make:
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikoresho bitandukanye bigabanya amashanyarazi nka RCCB, MCB na RCBO ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga umutekano w’amashanyarazi mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda. MCB irinda umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ukabije, RCCB irinda umuvuduko w’amazi uva mu butaka, kandi RCBO irinda umuvuduko w’amazi yombi. Uhisemo icyuma gikuraho amashanyarazi gikwiye ku buryo bw’amashanyarazi yawe, ushobora gukumira ibyago bishobora kubaho no kurinda umutekano w’abantu n’ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2023