Ibice bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (RCCB), izwi kandi nka residual current devices (RCD), ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kurinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi bigira uruhare runini mu gukumira impanuka y'amashanyarazi n'inkongi z'umuriro. Muri iyi nkuru, turasuzuma akamaro ka RCCBs, imikorere yazo n'impamvu ari ingenzi mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'uruziga.
Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa icyo RCCB ari cyo n'icyo ikora. RCCB ni igikoresho gifungura uruziga mu buryo bwikora iyo habonetse umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usohoka, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi. Gikora mu kugenzura buri gihe uburinganire bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyura mu nsinga zikora n'izidafite aho zibogamiye z'uruziga. Itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose muri ubu buringanire, nko mu gihe umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uva ku butaka bitewe n'ikosa cyangwa imikoranire y'abantu n'ibice bizima, bituma RCCB ihagarika vuba amashanyarazi, ikarinda impanuka y'amashanyarazi ishobora kwica.
Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi bya RCCB ni ubushobozi bwo kurinda ibice bizima gukoranaho mu buryo butaziguye n'ubutaziguye. Gukoranaho mu buryo butaziguye bibaho iyo umuntu akoze ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi cyangiritse; gukoranaho mu buryo butaziguye bibaho iyo umuntu akoze ku kintu cyashaje bitewe n'ikosa. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, RCCB zishobora kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi vuba no kubuza umuriro gutembera mu mubiri, bityo bikagabanya ubukana bw'ihungabana.
Byongeye kandi, RCCB zifite akamaro mu gukumira inkongi z'umuriro. RCCB zifasha kugabanya ibyago by'inkongi mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi kuko zishobora kubona amazi make ashobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse agatera inkongi. Ibi bituma ziba ingenzi mu kurinda umutekano w'abantu n'ibintu byabo.
Uretse inyungu z'umutekano, ikoreshwa rya RCCB rikomeje gukenerwa n'amategeko n'amabwiriza y'ubwubatsi mu bihugu byinshi. Ibi bishimangira akamaro ko gushyiraho RCCB mu nyubako zose, zaba iz'abaturage, iz'ubucuruzi cyangwa iz'inganda. Kubahiriza aya mabwiriza ntibirinda gusa umutekano w'abazituyemo, ahubwo binafasha kugabanya inshingano ku ba nyir'amazu n'abakora amashanyarazi.
Mu guhitamo RCCB, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibisabwa byihariye mu gushyiraho amashanyarazi. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa RCCB buhari, harimo amahitamo afite urwego rutandukanye rw'ubuhanga n'imiterere yo kugwa. Urugero, RCCB zo mu bwoko bwa AC zigenewe cyane cyane kurinda imigezi ihindagurika ya sinusoidal, mu gihe RCCB zo mu bwoko bwa A zitanga uburinzi bwiyongereye ku migezi ya DC itera, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa mu modoka zihindura umuvuduko. Ni ngombwa kugisha inama umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi cyangwa injeniyeri kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bwa RCCB bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko isuzuma n’ibungabunga rya RCCB buri gihe ari ingenzi kugira ngo imikorere yazo ibe yizewe. Isuzuma rihoraho rishobora gufasha mu kumenya ibibazo cyangwa amakosa ashobora kubaho muri RCCB, rigakomeza gukora neza no gutanga uburinzi. Byongeye kandi, birasabwa ko RCCB ishyirwaho n’umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi wemewe kugira ngo harebwe ko ishyirwaho neza kandi ikubahiriza amabwiriza abigenga.
Muri make,RCCBni ibice bigize imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi itanga uburinzi bukomeye ku ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi n'ingaruka z'inkongi y'umuriro. Ubushobozi bwazo bwo kumenya no gufunga vuba iyo habaye ikosa butuma ziba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano ku mazu n'ubucuruzi. Bitewe n'uko umutekano w'amashanyarazi ukomeje kwiyongera no kubahiriza amategeko, akamaro ka RCCB ntikagomba kurengerwa. Ba nyir'amazu, ba rwiyemezamirimo b'amashanyarazi n'abantu ku giti cyabo bagomba kumenya akamaro ka RCCB no gushyira imbere imitangire yazo no kuzibungabunga mu mishinga y'amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-21-2023