Intangiriro yaInverter
Inverter ni igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga gihindura umuriro usimburana ukawushyiramo umuriro utaziguye, ahanini ukoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu ku mutwaro. Inverter ni igikoresho gihindura isoko y'amashanyarazi ya DC ikayishyiramo isoko y'amashanyarazi ya AC. Ishobora gukoreshwa muri mudasobwa nto cyangwa mudasobwa nto ifite chip imwe ndetse n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibimenyetso.
Invertersishobora kugabanywamo inverters z’icyiciro kimwe, iz’icyiciro cya gatatu n’iz’icyiciro cyuzuye hakurikijwe urwego rw’ingufu. Inverters z’icyiciro kimwe n’iz’icyiciro cya gatatu zigizwe na transformers, filters na LC filters, kandi imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ni sine wave; inverters z’icyiciro cyose zigizwe na rectifier filter circuit, Schottky diode (PWM) circuit na drive circuit, naho imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ni kare.
Invertersishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu: ubwoko butaziguye bwo guhagarara, ubwoko bwo kugenzura ahantu hapfuye (inzira y'umuraba wa sine) n'ubwoko bwo kugenzura switch (inzira y'umuraba wa kare). Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi, inverters zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye.
Ibitekerezo by'ibanze
Inverter ni igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga gikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe gihindura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduka umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana. Inverter igizwe n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruhindura umuyoboro, urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rwa Schottky (SOK) n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rukoresha ingufu zidasanzwe.
Inverter ishobora kugabanywamo inverter ikora na inverter idakora, inverter idakora, izwi kandi nka circuit ya inverter cyangwa circuit igenzura amashanyarazi, muri rusange hakurikijwe intambwe y'injira, filter y'urwego rwo hagati (LC), intambwe y'isohoka (rectifier), n'ibindi, kandi inverter ikora ni uguhindura ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi yinjiye kugira ngo ubone voltage ihamye ya DC.
Inverter idakora (passive inverter) ubusanzwe iba ifite capacitor igabanya ubushyuhe mu kiraro cy’ivugurura, mu gihe inverter ikora ifite inductor iyungurura mu kiraro cy’ivugurura.
Inverter circuit ifite ibyiza byo kuba ntoya, uburemere bworoshye, imikorere myiza n'ibindi. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu.
Gushyira mu byiciro
Dukurikije imiterere y'inverter, inverter ishobora kugabanywamo: inverter ifite umuvuduko wose, inverter ikoresha imbaraga zo gukurura.
Ishobora kugabanywamo inverter ya PWM (pulse width modulation), inverter ya SPWM (quadrature signal modulation) na inverter ya SVPWM (space voltage vector modulation).
Dukurikije uko urwego rw'imiyoboro ruteye, rushobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira: igice cy'ikiraro, ubwoko bwa push-pull.
Dukurikije ubwoko bw'umutwaro, ishobora kugabanywamo amashanyarazi ya inverter y'icyiciro kimwe, amashanyarazi ya inverter y'icyiciro cya gatatu, converter ya DC, amashanyarazi ya inverter ikora, n'ibindi.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo kugenzura bushobora kugabanywamo: uburyo bw'ubukonje n'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi.
Ahantu ho Gusaba
Inverters zikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikoresha ingufu mu nganda, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, iby’indege n’ibindi. Urugero, mu byuma bikoresha ingufu mu nganda, ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bitanga ingufu bishobora guhindura amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi, kunoza imikorere myiza y’umusaruro, kuzigama ingufu z’amashanyarazi no gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye mu nganda; mu itumanaho, ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura amashanyarazi ya sisitemu zifite ingufu nke kugira ngo zihamye mu ntera ikwiye kandi zikoreshwe mu itumanaho riri kure; mu gutwara abantu, bishobora gukoreshwa mu byuma bitangira moteri y’imodoka no mu byuma bitanga umuriro w’imodoka; mu byuma bya gisirikare, bishobora gukoreshwa mu byuma bitanga umuriro n’ibikoresho bigenzura intwaro; mu byuma bitanga umuriro, bishobora gukoreshwa mu byuma bitanga umuriro w’indege no mu byuma bitanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-06-2023