Fuse: Uburinzi bw'ibanze bw'imikorere y'amashanyarazi

Fuzi: Urufunguzo rwo gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Mu rwego rw'ubuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi n'ingufu, ijambo "fuse" rifite akamaro kanini. Fuse ni ibice by'ingenzi bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda imiyoboro n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikabije n'izigufi. Ikora nk'igikoresho cy'umutekano, ikabuza amashanyarazi gutembera iyo arenze urugero rwagenwe, bityo ikarinda kwangirika kw'ibice by'amashanyarazi no kurinda umutekano w'imiyoboro n'abayikoresha.

Ihame ry'ibanze ry'ama-fuse ni iryoroshye ariko rifite akamaro. Agizwe n'agace gato k'icyuma, ubusanzwe gakozwe mu muringa cyangwa aluminiyumu, kagenewe gushonga no guca urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urenze ubushobozi bwa fuse. Iki gikorwa gihagarika neza amashanyarazi kandi kikabuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi gukomeza gutemba, bityo kikarinda ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kandi kikarinda ibyago bishobora kubaho nk'inkongi y'umuriro cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Fuse ziza mu bwoko butandukanye n'ingano zitandukanye, buri imwe igenewe porogaramu runaka n'isuzuma ry'ubu. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara burimo fuse za karitoli, fuse za chip, na fuse zishobora kwimurwa. Fuse z'imirongo zifite ishusho ya silinda kandi zikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda no mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi menshi. Fuse za chip, ku rundi ruhande, zikunze kuboneka mu modoka no mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kandi zifite umubiri wa pulasitiki ugororotse n'udupira tubiri kugira ngo byoroshye gushyiraho. Fuse zishobora kwimurwa, zizwi kandi nka Polymer Positive Temperature Coefficient (PPTC), zagenewe kwimurwa mu buryo bwikora iyo ikibazo cyakuweho, bitanga igisubizo cyoroshye kandi gihendutse cyo kurinda umuriro urenze urugero.

Guhitamo fuse ikwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo runaka ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo sisitemu yawe y'amashanyarazi ikore neza kandi mu mutekano. Ibintu nk'isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi ntarengwa, isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo kubangamira hamwe n'igihe cyo gusubiza bigomba gusuzumwa neza mu gihe cyo guhitamo fuse. Isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi rigomba guhuza n'ibisabwa n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ritange uburinzi bunoze ritagize ingaruka ku mikorere ya sisitemu.

Uretse imirimo yazo yo kurinda, fuse zishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gusuzuma amakosa ari mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Iyo fuse ihushye, bigaragaza ko hari umuvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuvuduko mugufi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Mu kugenzura no gusimbuza fuse zahushye, injeniyeri n'abatekinisiye bashobora kubona no gukosora ikibazo cy'ingenzi, bakareba ko uburyo bwawe bw'amashanyarazi bukomeza kuba ubwizerwa n'umutekano.

Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, fuse zigezweho zikomeza gutera imbere kugira ngo zihuze n'ibyo sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikeneye. Urugero, fuse zigezweho ubu zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora igenzura ryihuse n'itumanaho kugira ngo zishobore kugenzura mu buryo bufatika no kwerekana aho ibintu biri kure. Izi fuse zigezweho zitanga uburinzi n'isuzuma ryihuse, bigatuma sisitemu ikomeza kubungabungwa kandi ikarushaho kuba nziza.

Muri make, fuse ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi kandi ni wo murongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi ku makosa y'amashanyarazi akabije n'aya "short-circuit". Uruhare rwazo mu kurinda ibikoresho, gukumira ibyago no koroshya gusuzuma amakosa ntirushobora kurengwa. Uko uburyo bw'amashanyarazi bukomeza gutera imbere, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya fuse rizarushaho kongera umutekano n'ubwizerwe mu gukwirakwiza no gukoresha ingufu. Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa akamaro ka fuse no guhitamo fuse zikwiye kuri buri gikorwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikore neza kandi mu mutekano.