Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukata uruziga n'ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo

Mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi n'umutekano, ijambo "circuit breaker" ni ingenzi cyane. Circuit breaker ni icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi cyikora kigamije kurinda circuit kwangirika guterwa n'ibintu byinshi cyangwa circuit ngufi. Inshingano yacyo y'ibanze ni uguhagarika umuriro w'amashanyarazi iyo hagaragaye ikosa, bityo bikarinda ibyago bishobora kubaho nk'inkongi z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma ibintu bitandukanye by'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, harimo ubwoko bwabyo, amahame y'imikorere, n'imikoreshereze yabyo.

Ubwoko bwaIbikoresho byo Guhagarika Imihanda

Utwuma dukoresha amashanyarazi tuza mu bwoko butandukanye, buri bwoko bwagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye no mu bidukikije. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

1. Utwuma duto two gusohora amashanyarazi (MCBs):Izi mashini zigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu mazu yo guturamo no mu bucuruzi kugira ngo hirindwe umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro migufi y'amashanyarazi. MCB izahita igwa iyo umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi urenze agaciro kagenwe.
2. Igikoresho cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi gisigaye (RCCB):Bizwi kandi nka residual current device (RCD), ubu bwoko bwa circuit breaker burinda amashanyarazi guhungabana binyuze mu kumenya ubusumbane bw'amashanyarazi. Iyo hagaragaye ikibazo, RCCB izahagarika circuit, bityo igatanga umutekano ukomeye.
3. Utwuma dukoresha amashanyarazi (MCCBs): Utwuma dukoresha amashanyarazi dukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda kandi dushobora kwihanganira imirasire myinshi. Utwuma dukoresha amashanyarazi menshi, dukoresha amashanyarazi make, kandi dukingira ikibazo cy’ubutaka, bigatuma tuba dukwiriye amashanyarazi menshi.
4. Ibice bigabanya umuvuduko w’ikirere (ACB): Ibice bigabanya umuvuduko w’ikirere bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bifite ingufu nyinshi kandi bikoresha umwuka nk'uburyo bwo kuzimya umuvuduko w’ikirere. Bikwiriye gushyirwamo amashanyarazi manini kandi bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi y’amashanyarazi.
5. Akamashini ka Hydraulic-Magnetic Circuit Breaker: Ubu bwoko bw'icyuma gica uruziga gihuza uburyo bwa hydraulic na magnetism kugira ngo gitandukanye uruziga. Bitewe n'uko cyizewe kandi gikomeye, gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zo mu mazi n'izo mu kirere.

Uko bikora

Ihame ry'imikorere y'icyuma gihagarika uruziga ni iryoroshye cyane. Iyo umuriro unyura mu ruziga urenze ubushobozi bw'icyuma gihagarika uruziga, icyuma gihagarika uruziga kizamenya iki kibazo. Nyuma yaho, icyuma gihagarika uruziga kizakoresha uburyo bwacyo bwo gucika, gikuraho uruziga kandi kigahagarika umuriro. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'icyuma gihagarika uruziga, iki gikorwa gishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe, ingufu za rukuruzi, cyangwa ikoranabuhanga.

Urugero, muri miniature circuit breaker (MCB), bimetallic strip ishobora gushyuha cyane no kunama bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi, amaherezo bigatuma switch igwa. Mu buryo bunyuranye, residual current operated circuit breaker (RCCB) ikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya amakosa yo hasi kugira ngo imenye imiterere y'ikosa. RCCB zishobora kugwa mu masegonda make, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gushoka kw'amashanyarazi.

Gukoresha ibyuma bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi

Imashini zigabanya umuriro ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'amashanyarazi agezweho kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye. Mu miturire, imashini zigabanya umuriro zirinda amazu ingaruka z'amashanyarazi kandi zigacunga umutekano w'abaturage. Mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi, imashini zigabanya umuriro zicunga imizigo y'amashanyarazi, zikarinda ibura ry'amashanyarazi, bityo zikongera imikorere myiza.

Mu nganda, utumashini duca amashanyarazi turinda ibikoresho bya mekanike kwangirika guterwa n'ikosa ry'amashanyarazi. Ni ingenzi kandi mu ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa nka za paneli z'izuba na turbine z'umuyaga, bikarinda ihindagurika ry'ingufu zikoreshwa.

Igikoresho cyo gukata urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi ni iki?

Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gatuma umuriro ugabanuka ni igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi cyagenewe kurinda amashanyarazi kwangirika bitewe n’amashanyarazi arenze ayo amashanyarazi ashobora gutwara mu buryo butekanye (overcurrent). Inshingano yacyo y’ibanze ni uguhagarika amazi atembera mu buryo bwo kurinda ibikoresho no gukumira inkongi.

Muri make

Muri make, utumashini duhagarika amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane mu byuma by'amashanyarazi, bigamije umutekano no gukumira amakosa y'amashanyarazi. Ku bakora mu by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa umutekano w'amashanyarazi, gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bw'utumashini duhagarika amashanyarazi, amahame y'imikorere yatwo, n'ikoreshwa ryatwo ni ingenzi. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rihoraho no kwiyongera k'amashanyarazi, utumashini duhagarika amashanyarazi nta gushidikanya ko tuzagira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zizewe kandi zitekanye. Haba mu ngo, mu bucuruzi, cyangwa mu nganda, akamaro k'utumashini duhagarika amashanyarazi ntigashobora kwirengagizwa, bigatuma tuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bigezweho.