AC/DC MCB: Uburyo bwo kurinda ibintu bibiri

GusobanukirwaAC, DC, na MCB: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ingufu, AC (alternating current), DC (direct current), na MCB (miniature circuit breakers) ni ingingo z’ibanze buri munyamwuga n’umukunzi agomba gusobanukirwa. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma byimbitse ibi bice bitatu by’ingenzi, isuzuma ibisobanuro byabyo, ikoreshwa ryabyo, n’imibanire yabyo.

AC ni iki?

Umuriro usimburana (AC) ni umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhindura icyerekezo rimwe na rimwe. Bitandukanye n'umuriro utaziguye (DC), unyura mu cyerekezo kimwe, AC irangwa n'imiterere y'umuraba wa sinusoidal kandi ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi. Ingano ya AC ipimwa muri Hertz (Hz), aho 50 Hz ari yo ngano isanzwe mu bice byinshi by'isi na 60 Hz muri Amerika ya Ruguru.

AC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukwirakwiza ingufu kuko ishobora guhindurwa byoroshye mu miyoboro itandukanye y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma yoherezwa neza mu ntera ndende. Ubu bushobozi ni ingenzi mu kugeza amashanyarazi mu ngo, mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, no mu nganda. Ubushobozi bwo kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gutwara no kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza ni kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi bya AC.

DC ni iki?

Ku rundi ruhande, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye (DC) ni umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyura mu cyerekezo kimwe. Mu muyoboro wa DC, umuyoboro unyura mu cyerekezo kimwe, ubusanzwe ukorwa n'amasoko nka bateri, imirasire y'izuba, n'uturemangingo twa lisansi. Ingufu za DC ni ingenzi ku bikoresho byinshi by'ikoranabuhanga, harimo mudasobwa, telefoni zigendanwa, n'amatara ya LED, kuko ibi bikoresho bisaba ingufu zihoraho kugira ngo bikore neza.

Nubwo DC idakora neza nka AC mu kohereza ubutumwa mu ntera ndende, yakomeje gukundwa cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, cyane cyane bitewe n’izamuka ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ikoranabuhanga nka sisitemu ya HVDC (high-voltage direct current) ryavutse kugira ngo rifashe kohereza neza ingufu za DC mu ntera ndende.

MCB ni iki?

Akamashini gato ko gukata amashanyarazi (MCB) ni icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kirinda imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kurenza urugero ndetse n'imiyoboro migufi. MCB zagenewe gukuramo imiyoboro iyo umuriro urenze urugero rwagenwe, zirinda ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kwangirika no kugabanya ibyago by'inkongi z'umuriro. Ni igice cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigezweho, bitanga uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kurinda imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

MCB ziboneka mu byiciro bitandukanye no mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bitandukanye. Zikunze gukoreshwa mu ngo, mu bucuruzi, no mu nganda kugira ngo sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikore neza kandi mu mutekano. Ibyiza bya MCB kuruta fibre zisanzwe birimo kwisubiraho, guhita usubiza vuba, no kwiyongera kw'ubwizigirwa.

Isano iri hagati ya AC, DC na MCB

Gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati ya AC, DC, na MCB ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ukora mu by’amashanyarazi cyangwa mu kubungabunga. MCB zishobora gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ya AC na DC, ariko guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa MCB ni ingenzi cyane. MCB za AC zagenewe guhangana n’imiterere y’ingufu za AC, mu gihe MCB za DC zigomba gupimwa hakurikijwe urwego runaka rw’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ku mikoreshereze ya DC.

Mu gushushanya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, injeniyeri bagomba gusuzuma ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi akoreshwa n'ibikoresho bikingira bikwiye. Urugero, muri sisitemu y'izuba ikora umuriro utaziguye, gukoresha MCB ifite agaciro ka DC ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'ubuziranenge. Ku rundi ruhande, mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi aho umuriro usimburana ari wo usanzwe, MCB ifite agaciro ka AC ni ngombwa.

Muri make

Muri make, AC, DC, na MCB ni ingenzi mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi agezweho. Gusobanukirwa imiterere yazo, imikoreshereze yazo, n’imibanire yazo ni ingenzi kugira ngo ingufu zikwirakwizwe neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, akamaro k’ibi bitekerezo kazakomeza kwiyongera, bityo inzobere muri urwo rwego zigomba gukomeza kugira ubumenyi n’ubuhanga mu mikoreshereze yazo. Waba uri injeniyeri, umuhanga mu bya tekiniki, cyangwa umuntu ukunda ibintu bisanzwe, kumenya neza iby’ibanze bya AC, DC, na MCB bizagufasha gusobanukirwa neza imikorere y’amashanyarazi.