Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukata uruziga n'ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo

Ibice bigabanya umuriro ni ingenzi mu byuma by'amashanyarazi, bikora nk'ibikoresho birinda kwangirika guterwa n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'imiyoboro migufi. Ibice bigabanya umuriro byagenewe guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwikora iyo hagaragaye ikosa, bigamije kurinda umutekano w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ababikoresha. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma imikorere, ubwoko, n'akamaro k'ibice bigabanya umuriro mu mikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi igezweho.

Inshingano y'ingenzi y'icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi ni ugufungura no gufunga uruziga rw'amashanyarazi. Bitandukanye na za fuse zisanzwe, zigomba gusimburwa nyuma yo guturika, ibyuma bihagarika amashanyarazi bishobora kongera gusubizwa inyuma nyuma yo kugwa, bigatuma biba igisubizo cyoroshye kandi cyiza cyo kurinda amashanyarazi. Iyo habayeho ikosa ry'amashanyarazi, nko kurenza urugero rw'amashanyarazi (amashanyarazi arenze ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi) cyangwa uruziga rugufi (amashanyarazi atembera mu nzira itateganijwe), icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi kimenya ikibazo kandi kigahagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, bikarinda ibyago bishobora kubaho nko gutwika umuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa circuit breakers, buri bumwe bwagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye no mu bidukikije. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara burimo:

1. Imashini ntoya yo gucana uruziga (MCB): Ikoreshwa mu mazu no mu bucuruzi kugira ngo irinde ibintu byinshi birenze urugero n'imiyoboro migufi. MCB ni nto kandi zoroshye gushyira mu dusanduku two gukwirakwiza.
2. Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi (RCCB): Iki cyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi asigaye (RCD), cyagenewe gukumira impanuka y'amashanyarazi binyuze mu kumenya ubusumbane bw'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuntu akoze ku nsinga ikora, RCCB iracika, igahagarika amashanyarazi.
3. Imashini igabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu butaka (ELCB): Kimwe na RCCB, ELCB ikoreshwa mu kumenya amakosa yo hasi no gukumira impanuka y'amashanyarazi. ELCB ni ingenzi cyane mu bidukikije bitose nko mu bwiherero no hanze.
4. Akamashini kagabanya umuvuduko w'ikirere (ACB): Ubu bwoko bwa circuit breaker bukoreshwa mu nganda kandi bushobora guhangana n'amajwi menshi y'amashanyarazi. Air circuit breaker zikoreshwa mu kurinda sisitemu nini z'amashanyarazi kandi zishobora gukoreshwa n'intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora.
5. Ibikoresho bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi: Izi mashini zikoresha uburyo buvanze bw'ubushyuhe n'ubukuru kugira ngo zifungure uruziga. Ubusanzwe zikoreshwa ku mashanyarazi manini akeneye uburinzi burenze urugero n'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi magufi.

Akamaro k'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi ntikagombye gukabya. Bigira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi no kurinda abantu n'imitungo ingaruka z'ibiza by'amashanyarazi. Uretse umutekano, ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi bigira uruhare mu kunoza imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Mu gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora, bifasha mu kubungabunga imikorere myiza mu ngo no mu bucuruzi.

Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye habaho iterambere rya "smart circuit breakers", ritanga ubushobozi bwo kunoza nko kugenzura kure. Ibi bikoresho bigezweho bishobora gutanga amakuru y'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu buryo bufatika, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora gukoresha neza ingufu no kumenya ibibazo mbere yuko birushaho kwiyongera.

Mu magambo make, ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kurinda amashanyarazi kurenza urugero ndetse no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibyuma bigabanya amashanyarazi, bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye, bigamije umutekano n'ubwizerwe mu gushyiraho amashanyarazi. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rikomeje, ahazaza h'ibyuma bigabanya amashanyarazi hagaragara neza, kuko udushya tuzarushaho kunoza imikorere yabyo n'ubushobozi bwabyo mu kurinda ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa uruhare n'akamaro k'ibyuma bigabanya amashanyarazi ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ukora ibijyanye n'amashanyarazi, yaba umunyamwuga cyangwa nyir'inzu ushaka kurinda umutekano wayo.

 

Igikoresho cyo gukata urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi ni iki?
Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gatuma umuriro ugabanuka ni igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi cyagenewe kurinda amashanyarazi kwangirika bitewe n’amashanyarazi arenze ayo amashanyarazi ashobora gutwara mu buryo butekanye (overcurrent). Inshingano yacyo y’ibanze ni uguhagarika amazi atembera mu buryo bwo kurinda ibikoresho no gukumira inkongi.